States of matter · पदार्थ की अवस्थाएँ

Heat ice into steam in the particle lab, then play: sort things into solid, liquid or gas, and name each change of state.

States of matter games

🔬 Particle lab: heat it up, cool it down

25 °C

Solid, liquid and gas

Everything around us is matter — anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter is made of tiny particles, far too small to see. How close the particles are, and how they move, decides whether something is a solid, a liquid or a gas.

	🧊 Solid ठोस	💧 Liquid द्रव	♨️ Gas गैस
Shape	Fixed shape	Takes the shape of the container	No shape — fills the whole container
Volume	Fixed	Fixed	Not fixed
Particles	Packed very close, in fixed places	Close, but can slide past each other	Far apart
Movement	Only vibrate (shake) in place	Move around slowly	Move fast in all directions
Can it be squeezed?	Almost not	Very little	Yes, easily (LPG, CNG)
Flows?	No	Yes	Yes
Examples	Ice, stone, wood, iron	Water, milk, oil, petrol	Air, steam, oxygen, CO₂

Changing state

Heating or cooling can change matter from one state to another. The particles stay the same — only their spacing and movement change.

Change	From → to	Example
Melting गलन	Solid → liquid	Ice melts at 0 °C
Freezing हिमीकरण (जमना)	Liquid → solid	Water turns to ice at 0 °C
Evaporation वाष्पीकरण	Liquid → gas (slowly, from the surface, any temperature)	Wet clothes dry
Boiling क्वथन	Liquid → gas (fast, all through, at a fixed temperature)	Water boils at 100 °C
Condensation संघनन	Gas → liquid	Dew; drops on a cold glass
Sublimation ऊर्ध्वपातन	Solid → gas directly	Camphor, naphthalene balls, dry ice

Evaporation causes cooling: that is why water in a matka stays cool and why we feel cool when sweat dries. Facts follow NCERT Science (Class 6–9).

Print

A one-page chart to stick on the wall, and a worksheet to practise.

States of matter

	🧊 Solid ठोस	💧 Liquid द्रव	♨️ Gas गैस
Shape	Fixed shape	Takes the shape of the container	No shape — fills the whole container
Volume	Fixed	Fixed	Not fixed
Particles	Packed very close, in fixed places	Close, but can slide past each other	Far apart
Movement	Only vibrate (shake) in place	Move around slowly	Move fast in all directions
Can it be squeezed?	Almost not	Very little	Yes, easily (LPG, CNG)
Flows?	No	Yes	Yes
Examples	Ice, stone, wood, iron	Water, milk, oil, petrol	Air, steam, oxygen, CO₂

Change	From → to	Example
Melting गलन	Solid → liquid	Ice melts at 0 °C
Freezing हिमीकरण (जमना)	Liquid → solid	Water turns to ice at 0 °C
Evaporation वाष्पीकरण	Liquid → gas (slowly, from the surface, any temperature)	Wet clothes dry
Boiling क्वथन	Liquid → gas (fast, all through, at a fixed temperature)	Water boils at 100 °C
Condensation संघनन	Gas → liquid	Dew; drops on a cold glass
Sublimation ऊर्ध्वपातन	Solid → gas directly	Camphor, naphthalene balls, dry ice

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States of matter — worksheet

Name: ____________________ Class: ______ Date: __________

1. Write S (solid), L (liquid) or G (gas): ice ___ milk ___ steam ___ stone ___ honey ___ oxygen ___

2. Ice turns into water. This change is called ______________.

3. Water boils at ______ °C and freezes at ______ °C.

4. Camphor turns straight into a gas. This is called ______________.

5. Drops of water form outside a glass of cold water because of ______________.

6. In which state are particles farthest apart? ______________

7. A liquid has a fixed ______________ but no fixed ______________.

8. Why does water in a matka stay cool? ___________________________________________

9. Give one difference between evaporation and boiling: ___________________________________

10. Why can LPG be filled into a small cylinder? ___________________________________________

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